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&&

Logical AND operator.

Arithmetic operators perform operations of change-sign (negate), don't-change-sign, logical AND logical OR, add, subtract, multiply and divide. Note that a value or an expression may fall between two of these operators, either of which could take it as its left or right argument, as in

\[ a + b * c. \]

In such cases three rules apply:

  1. \(*\) and \(/\) bind to their neighbors more strongly than \(+\) and \(-\). Thus the above expression is taken as:
    \(a + (b * c)\) with \(*\) taking \(b\) and \(c\) and then \(+\) taking \(a\) and \(b * c\).

  2. \(+\) and \(-\) bind more strongly than &&, which in turn is stronger than ||:
    \(a \;\&\&\; b - c \;||\; d\) is taken as \((a \;\&\&\; (b - c))\;||\; d\)

  3. When both operators bind equally strongly, the operations are done left to right:
    \(a - b - c\) is taken as \((a - b) - c\)

Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.

Syntax

a && b  (logical AND; not audio-rate)

where the arguments \(a\) and \(b\) may be further expressions.

Examples

Here is an example of the Logical AND operator. It uses the file opand.csd.

Example of the opand opcode.
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<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
-odac    ;;;realtime audio out
;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too
; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
; -o opand.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr = 44100
ksmps = 32
nchnls = 2
0dbfs  = 1

instr 1

kval    randomh 0, 1.2, 20              ;choose between 0 and 1.2
if kval >0 && kval<=.5 then             ;3 possible outcomes
        kval = 1                        
elseif kval >.5 && kval<=1 then
        kval =2
elseif kval >1 then
        kval =3
endif

printk2 kval                            ;print value when it changes
asig    poscil .7, 440*kval, 1
        outs asig, asig

endin
</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>
f1 0 16384 10 1

i 1 0 5
e
</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

Its output should include lines like these:

i1     0.00000
i1     3.00000
i1     1.00000
i1     3.00000
i1     1.00000
i1     2.00000
i1     3.00000
.....

See also

Arithmetic and Logic Operations